This Article Abstract Free Full Text (Free PDF) Free Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in Web of Science Alert me to new issues of the journal Add to Saved Citations Download to citation manager Request Permissions Request Reprints Add to My Marked Citations Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Web of Science (3) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Citing Articles via Scopus Google Scholar Articles by Freiding, A. Articles by Bodrogi, P. Search for Related Content Social Bookmarking                         What's this?

Mesopic visual efficiency I: detection threshold measurements

Laboratory of Lighting Technology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany, office{at}lichttechnik.tu-darmstadt.de

M. Eloholma, DSc

Lighting Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology, Finland

J. Ketomäki, DSc

Lighting Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology, Finland

L. Halonen, DSc

Lighting Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology, Finland

H. Walkey, PhD

Applied Vision Research Centre, Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Vision Sciences, City University, UK

T. Goodman, BSc

National Physical Laboratory, UK

J. Alferdinck, BSc

TNO Human Factors, The Netherlands

G. Várady, MSc

Virtual Environment and Imaging Technologies Laboratory, Pannon University, Hungary

P. Bodrogi, PhD

Virtual Environment and Imaging Technologies Laboratory, Pannon University, Hungary

Achromatic thresholds are measured at three sites to investigate the effects of light spectrum on achromatic detection thresholds in the mesopic region. The results of measurements using quasi-monochromatic targets reveal spectral sensitivity functions with two or three peaks, a so-called `chromatic effect' which is assumed to be due to the influence of the colour-opponent channels. This chromatic contribution seem to be less significant at lower luminances but it is accentuated for peripheral observation. Results obtained with broadband stimuli show that the contrast threshold, defined in terms of V(), is markedly higher for red targets than for other colours, particularly at lower light levels. For these broadband targets, contrast threshold values calculated using the new spectral sensitivity curves instead of V() are in better agreement with the experimental results, particularly for the peripheral detection task.

References

• Enders M. Vergleich ausgewählter Methoden zur Ermittlung der spektralen Hellempfindlichkeit des menschlichen Auges. (Comparison of selected methods to determine the spectral luminous efficiency function of the human eye), PhD thesis, Darmstadt University of Technology, 1995.
• Sperling HG, Harwerth RS Red—green cone interactions in the increment threshold spectral sensitivity of primates. Science 1971; 172: 180—184.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
• Derrington AM, Krauskopf J., Lennie P. Chromatic mechanisms in lateral geniculate nucleus of macaque. J. Phys 1984; 357: 241—65.
• Lee BB, Martin PR The physiological basis of the luminosity function. Die Farbe 1987; 34: 109—115.
• Stockman A., MacLeod DIA, Johnson NE Spectral sensitivities of the human cones. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 1993; 10: 2471—2490.[Web of Science]
• Krauskopf J., Williams DR, Heeley DW Cardinal directions of color space. Vision Research 1982; 22: 1123—31.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Hamm M. Untersuchung der spektralen Schwellenempfindlichkeit und der Reizverarbeitungszeiten im menschlichen Auge. (Investigation of spectral threshold sensitivity and stimulus processing time in the human eye), PhD thesis, Darmstadt University of Technology, 1997.
• Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage. CIE 1988 2° spectral luminous efficiency function for photopic vision. CIE Central Bureau CIE 86, 1990.
• Ingling CR, Tsou BHP. Spectral sensitivity for flicker and acuity criteria. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 1988; 5: 1374—78.[Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Zrenner E. Neurophysiological aspects of color vision in primates: comparative studies on simian retinal ganglion cells and the human visual system. In: Braitenberg V., editor. Studies of Brain function, Vol. 9, Springer-Verlag, 1983.
• Schwartz SH Dependence of visual latency on wavelength: predictions of a neural counting model. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 1995; 12: 2089—93.
• Moorhead IR, Saunders JE Discrimination and detection thresholds: the effect of observer criterion on the spatial properties of chromatic and achromatic mechanisms. Vision Research 1982; 22: 1057—60.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Zrenner E. Are there Separate Channels for Luminance and Color? Die Farbe 1988; 34: 285—89.
• King-Smith PE, Carden D. Luminance and opponent-color contributions to visual detection and adaptation and to temporal and spatial integration. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 1976; 66: 709—17.
• Kranda K., King-Smith PE Detection of coloured stimuli by independent linear systems. Vision Research 1979; 19: 733—45.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Eloholma M., Viikari M., Halonen L., Walkey H., Goodman T., Alferdinck J., Freiding A., Bodrogi P., Varady G. Mesopic models - from brightness matching to visual performance of night-time driving: a review. Lighting Res. Technol 2005; 37: 155—175.[CrossRef]
• Eoholma M., Halonen L. New model for mesopic photometry and its applications to road lighting. LEUKOS 2006; 2: 263—293.[Web of Science]
• Walkey H., Orreveteläinen P., Barbur J., Halonen L., Goodman T., Alferdinck J., Freiding A., Szalmas A. Mesopic visual efficiency II: reaction time experiments. Lighting Research and Technology 2007; 39: 335—354.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
• Várady G., Freiding A., Eloholma M., Halonen L., Walkey H., Goodman T., Alferdinck J. Mesopic visual efficiency III: discrimination threshold experiments. Lighting Research and Technology 2007; 39: 355—364.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
• Goodman T., Forbes A., Walkey H., Eloholma M., Halonen L., Alferdinck J., Freiding A., Bodrogi P., Varady G., Szalmas A. Mesopic visual efficiency IV: a model with relevance to night-time driving and other applications. Lighting Research and Technology 2007; 39: 365—392.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
• Ketomäki J., Eloholma M., Orreveteläinen P., Halonen L. Visibility of coloured targets at low light levels. Proceedings of the Automobile Lighting 5th International Symposium 2003; 10: 507—515.
• Ingling CR, Tsou BHP. Flicker photometry and achromatic-channel structure. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 1985; 2: 1375—78.[Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Stockmann A., Sharpe LT, Fach C. The spectral sensitivity of human short-wavelength sensitive cones derived from thresholds and color matches. Vision Research 1999; 39: 2901—27.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Kuyk TK Spectral sensitivity of the peripheral retina to large and small stimuli. Vision Research 1982; 22: 1293—97.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Mullen KT, Kingdom FA Differential distributions of red—green and blue— yellow cone opponency across the visual field. Visual Neuroscience 2002; 19: 109—18.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Padmos P., Norren DV Increment spectral sensitivity and colour discrimination in the primate, studied by means of graded potentials from the striate cortex. Vision Research 1975; 15: 1103—13.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Vos JJ, Walraven PL On the derivation of the foveal receptor primaries. Vision Research 1971; 11: 799—818.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Kurtenbach A., Rüttiger L., Zrenner E. Influence of luminance flicker and purity on heterochromatic brightness matching and hue discrimination: a postreceptoral opponent process. Vision Research 1997; 37: 721—28.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]

Lighting Research and Technology, Vol. 39, No. 4, 319-334 (2007)
DOI: 10.1177/1477153507080917


CiteULike    Complore    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    Twitter    What's this?

This article has been cited by other articles:

				H. Walkey, P. Orrevetelainen, J. Barbur, L. Halonen, T. Goodman, J. Alferdinck, A. Freiding, and A. Szalmas Mesopic visual efficiency II: reaction time experiments Lighting Research and Technology, December 1, 2007; 39(4): 335 - 354. [Abstract] [PDF]

				G. Varady, A. Freiding, M. Eloholma, L. Halonen, H. Walkey, T. Goodman, and J. Alferdinck Mesopic visual efficiency III: Discrimination threshold measurements Lighting Research and Technology, December 1, 2007; 39(4): 355 - 364. [Abstract] [PDF]

				T. Goodman, A. Forbes, H. Walkey, M. Eloholma, L. Halonen, J. Alferdinck, A. Freiding, P. Bodrogi, G. Varady, and A. Szalmas Mesopic visual efficiency IV: a model with relevance to nighttime driving and other applications Lighting Research and Technology, December 1, 2007; 39(4): 365 - 392. [Abstract] [PDF]

This Article Abstract Free Full Text (Free PDF) Free Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in Web of Science Alert me to new issues of the journal Add to Saved Citations Download to citation manager Request Permissions Request Reprints Add to My Marked Citations Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Web of Science (3) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Citing Articles via Scopus Google Scholar Articles by Freiding, A. Articles by Bodrogi, P. Search for Related Content Social Bookmarking                         What's this?